Introduction: Care is the fundamental fact of nursing. In recent years, poor care is discussed frequently in articles and newspapers, however health care providers do not have a common understanding of this concept. Therefore the purpose of this paper was to clarify the concept of poor care in nursing and highlight the importance of tackling this issue. Methods: The concept was analyzed using the 8-step Walker and avant’, s method. The SCOPUS, PubMed, ISI, and Embase databases were searched with the keywords “, poor care”,and “, poor nursing care”,in the titles and abstracts of articles. Of 550 sources found in the initial survey, 32 articles were finally included in the study. Results: Poor care attributes include poor evaluation, inadequate or inappropriate patient management, and delay, treating, and referring patients to other departments. These attributes are caused by antecedents of nursing workload, the complexity of patient conditions, inappropriate interactions, insufficient workforce, and educational and organizational factors. Conclusion: Poor care is a general concept that includes undesirable and unacceptable standards for receiving or providing clinical and interpersonal health services. Poor care includes eliminating planned activities or performing unplanned activities that are experienced by the patient, health care workers, or caregivers.

Background & Aims: Care is a complex and subjective concept, and most nursing theorists consider it the most important action of nurses in dealing with patients. However, inaccuracy in providing comprehensive care by the medical staff has caused disintegration of care and thus the concept of fragmented care (FC) is formed. Although this concept is often used by researchers, its dimensions have not been fully identified. The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of FC. Materials & Methods: Concept Analysis of FC based on the Walker and avant's method (2019) was carried out in eight steps by searching and analyzing studies from reliable information databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar search engine. We used the keywords: Fragmentation, Fragmented, and Care without time limit until May 2022. Finally, 26 articles related to the concept were analyzed. Results: FC had different dimensions. Lack of coordination, planning, teamwork, and holistic view were the most important dimensions. This type of care can occur at different relationship levels of nursepatient, both within and between wards and different medical centers. Conclusions: The present study identified different dimensions of the concept of FC. Future studies can use the results of this study to develop a scale as well as to design interventions effective in reducing its incidence.

2Background & Aim: Self-monitoring is a complex and subjective concept, and various definitions of it have been presented. Lack of proper understanding and application by the treatment staff leads to an increase in the burden of referrals, imposing costs and reducing the quality of people's lives. This concept has been used many times by researchers, but its dimensions have not been fully identified. This study was done with the aim of clarifying the concept of self-monitoring. Methods: Analysis of the concept of self-monitoring, based on the model of Walker and avant (2005) was done in eight steps by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Irandoc, Magiran and SID databases and using the keywords monitoring, self-monitoring, self-control and self-regulation, and also their English equivalent without time limit until 1402 (2023). Results: Self-monitoring is a multidimensional concept. Health literacy, motivation and purposefulness are its most important components. This type of care can occur at different individual, interpersonal, family and community levels. Conclusion: The present study identified different dimensions of the concept of self-monitoring. Future studies can use the results of this study to create tools and design effective and multidimensional interventions so that its effects can be seen on a wide scale.

Introduction: The family is the most important factor for the socialization and development of the child, and parents are one of the most powerful influences in their children's lives. During this process, the role structure is formed. A balanced role structure can benefit family solidarity. Parental role conflicts are one of the risk factors for children's mental health, behavioral and emotional disorders. When children are exposed to parental conflicts,They feel emotionally insecure. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the concept of parental role conflict. Methods: This study was a concept analysis in which Walker and avant's 8-step concept analysis method was used. An extensive search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL Psych info Scopus and Science Web of databases with keywords family conflict, parents, role, father-child relationship, and mothers in the range of 2010 to 2022, and 13 related studies were extracted. Result: Parental conflict creates issues such as emotional health problems, social problems, and physical and mental health disorders in children. Concepts such as role ambiguity, role expectations, mother's role pressure, inefficient spouse, family system disorder, and family process disorder are concepts that are often used instead of parental role conflicts. Conclusions: Role conflict occurs when the expectations of multiple roles are inconsistent with each other. Inappropriate relationship between parents leads to children's incompatibility. This can be intra-personal, group, or organizational. Solving parental conflicts and having a positive, warm, and compassionate relationship have an impact on children's mental health. Considering that this concept is part of the standard nursing diagnoses, nurses can propose basic solutions for problems using the bedside nursing process.

Background and aims: To predict the nursing workforce needed to care for patients in hospital wards, the workload of nursing care should be specified. In this regards, clarifying the concept of "nurse workload" can expand professional contributions of nurses in the health care system. The aim of this study was to assess the multiple dimensions of nursing workload, define its characteristics and functions in nursing, and ultimately provide a conceptual definition of nursing workload.Methods: Walker and avant (2011) eight-step method of concept analyze was used for clarifying the concept of "nurse workload". Using “nursing” and “workload” keywords, electronic databases including Pubmed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, OVID, Persian Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranian Research Institute for Science and Technology (Iran DOC) and MAGIRAN publication database were searched without time limit based on the inclusion criteria, and 8 studies included into review.Results: The nursing workload was defined and the five dimensions of this concept were determined. Workload dimensions were the amount of time, knowledge, skills and behavior (nursing competence); nursing intensity (direct patient care); physical activity; mental and emotional processes; and the ability of nurses to change the treatment plan during their shift.Nursing workload includes direct and indirect activities that nurses do on behalf of the patient.Workload was defined as the need for nursing care or nursing skilled to meet the caring needs of patients.Conclusion: Nursing workload is amount of time and care that a nurse performs (directly or indirectly) to patients, work setting, and professional development. Therefore, the whole time of nursing that nurses need to perform in both of nursing and non-nursing activities should be considered in the nursing workload measurement. By understanding the nursing workload, nurse managers can take appropriate action to improve nurses working conditions. In addition, the fair distribution of the nurse's workload will maximize their productivity.

Background & Aims: The need for the constant presence of nurses in patient care and the non-cooperation of other care providers has made the conflict in the defined roles an inevitable issue in the nurses' daily care activities. This study aimed to analyze and define the concept of nursing care role conflict and determine its causes and consequences. Methods: This concept analysis study was conducted with detailed research on databases, including SID, Iranmedex, MEDLIB-ED, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The English and Persian articles published within 2010-2020 were included and the search process was performed with the following keywords: "Care role conflict", "Role conflict", "Nurses", and "Nurse". The review of the titles and content of articles was based on inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using the Walker and avant's 8-Step Method. Results: Numerous factors, such as inequality in the distribution of financial rewards, high workload, inappropriate management systems, and lack of specified job description, are among the effective factors leading to the creation of nursing care role conflict. Various concepts were used rather than nursing care role conflict, among which included role ambiguity, unclear goals, role insecurity, uncertain expectations, misinterpretation confusion, exhaustion, and job stress, as well as lack of clarity and planning. Conclusion: It was revealed that the lack of clarity in job descriptions was the main cause of the nursing care role conflict. Moreover, the supportive and protective nursing roles were effective in the creation of nursing care role conflict.

Background and aims: The main purpose of this analysis was to provide an understanding of the professional prestige of nursing as a concept. Methods: Determining which nurses have professional prestige requires a clear definition and explanation of the different dimensions of this concept. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of explaining the concept of professional prestige in nursing. Walker and avant's method was used to determine the defining features of the concept. The results of the review of the texts available in Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Magiran databases with the keywords professional prestige, occupational prestige, professional dignity, professional status, professional image, and nursing without time limit, and based on the entry criteria, 24 articles were included. Results: Professional prestige in nursing was defined. The defining features of this concept include social status, income and salary, job satisfaction, independence in decision-making, professional commitment, self-confidence, education, and continuous training. It also includes social status effective in promoting professional commitment and independence in decision-making in nurses, which ultimately leads to the provision of safe care services for patients. Conclusion: The results of the analysis in this study can provide an objective and comprehensible picture of the professional prestige of nursing and be an effective step for training, strengthening, measuring, and developing this concept to provide quality and safe nursing services by nurses

Background & Aim: One of the important dimensions of self-care in nurses is the spiritual dimension, but the concept of spiritual self-care is not well defined. Therefore, this study analyzed this concept to provide a clear definition. Materials & Methods: This research was conducted to analyze the concept of nurses’ spiritual self-care using Walker's and avant's eight-step approach. SID, Magiran, ISI, Pubmed, Scopus, and Iranmedex databases were searched using the keywords: nurse's self-care, spiritual self-care, and nurse spiritual self-care between 2000 and 2022. Then, eligible articles were selected and analyzed using the content analysis method of Graneheim and Landman. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that internal self-crystallization and behavior based on spiritual manifestation are among the characteristics of the nurses' spiritual self-care concept. It emerged from the antecedents of facing a lot of pressure and stress, understanding the spiritual nature of the nursing profession and a spiritual work environment, and led to consequences such as nursing spiritual self-polishing, resiliency, and effective nursing care. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a comprehensive definition of spiritual self-care in nurses and show that spiritual self-care in nurses is a self-centered care process that leads to more nurses' attention to strengthening the inner spiritual dimensions. It also helps to provide effective care for patients in difficult and stressful professional situations.

Background: Nurses’ work life significantly impacts their overall well-being. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the quality of work life (QWL) in nursing, identifying its dimensions, attributes, and functions. Materials and Methods: Walker and avant used the eight-step concept analysis method to determine the defining attributes of the quality of nursing work life. The search was done in the English databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar together with Persian databases of Magiran and SID with the main keyword ‘Quality of Nursing Work-life’. The quality of work life of nurses and its derivatives were searched without a time limit. In the initial search (December 2022-September 2023), 135 articles and finally 26 articles were reviewed. Results: The quality of nursing work life was defined and its dimensions including Work Design, work-life/Home Life, Work Context, and Work World were determined. Antecedents that can be assumed as potential factors of the quality of work life were categorized. Consequences were in managerial, professional, personal, and social domains. Conclusions: The quality of work life, especially for nurses, is a concept in which many factors are involved and can have different consequences for nurses, managers, and even patients and their families. The results of this study can help better understand the quality of nursing work life in research and clinical environments

Background & Aim: Currently, Covid-11 crisis as the biggest global health challenge has caused health anxiety and fear of COVID-11 among nurses that affect patient care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensions of the concept of fear of corona fear in nurses, define its features and functions in nursing. Methods: Walker and avant's (2211) concept analysis method was used to analyze the concept of fear of Covid-11 fear among nurses. Walker and avant concept analysis method was used to analyze the concept of fear of Covid-11. The following keywords: fear, Corona, COVID-11, and nurses were searched without time limitation in the English-language online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINHAL, and Ovid. Finally, a number of 22 articles were included in the study. Results: Being unfamiliar with Covid-11, lack of enough knowledge about it, fear of getting infected, death or transmit the disease to others, lack of support from upper management or the organization, high costs treatment, various aspects of personal protective equipment, increasing workload and exacerbating the nursing staff shortage are the characteristics of fear of Covid-11 fear. Conclusion: Understanding the dimensions of the concept of fear of corona fear in nurses helps to manage and control this fear. These data can also be used as conceptual foundations in the future research